Taangiga kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah
Ammooniya dareeraha ah waxaa lagu daray liiska kiimikooyinka khatarta ah sababtoo ah sifooyinkeeda guban kara, qarxi kara, iyo kuwa sunta ah. Sida laga soo xigtay "Aqoonsiga Ilaha Khatarta Badan ee Kiimikooyinka Khatarta ah" (GB18218-2009), mugga kaydinta ammonia ee muhiimka ah ee ka badan 10 tan*** waa isha ugu weyn ee khatarta. Dhammaan haamaha kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah waxaa loo kala saaraa saddex nooc oo ah xididdada cadaadiska. Hadda falanqee sifooyinka khatarta ah iyo khataraha inta lagu jiro soo saarista iyo hawlgalka haamaha kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah, oo soo jeedi tallaabooyin ka hortag ah iyo kuwo degdeg ah si looga fogaado shilalka.
Falanqaynta khatarta haanta kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah inta lagu jiro hawlgalka
Sifooyinka khatarta ah ee ammonia
Ammonia waa gaas aan midab lahayn oo hufan oo leh ur udgoon, kaas oo si fudud loogu shubo dareere ammonia ah. Ammonia way ka fudud tahay hawada waxayna si fudud ugu milmi kartaa biyaha. Maadaama ammonia-da dareeraha ah ay si fudud isu beddesho gaaska ammonia, marka ammonia-da iyo hawada lagu qaso saami gaar ah, waxaa loo soo bandhigi karaa olol furan, heerka ugu badan waa 15-27%, hawada ku hareeraysan ee goobta shaqada ***** *Xoogga la oggol yahay waa 30mg/m3. Gaaska ammonia ee daadanaya wuxuu sababi karaa sumeyn, cuncun indhaha, xuubka sambabada, ama maqaarka, waxaana jira khatar ah gubasho kiimiko ah.
Falanqaynta khatarta ee habka wax soo saarka iyo hawlgalka
1. Xakamaynta heerka ammonia
Haddii heerka sii deynta ammonia uu aad u dhakhso badan yahay, ama heerka xakamaynta shaqada ee heerka dareeraha uu aad u hooseeyo, ama cillado kale oo ku yimaada xakamaynta qalabka, iwm., gaaska cadaadiska sare ee macmalka ah ayaa ku bixi doona haanta kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah, taasoo keenta cadaadis xad dhaaf ah oo ku yimaada haanta kaydinta iyo daadashada ammonia oo aad u badan, taas oo aad u khatar badan. Xakamaynta heerka ammonia aad bay muhiim u tahay.
2. Awoodda kaydinta
Awoodda kaydinta ee haanta kaydinta dareeraha ah ee ammonia waxay ka badan tahay 85% mugga haanta kaydinta, cadaadiskuna wuxuu ka badan yahay heerka tusmada xakamaynta ama qalliinka waxaa lagu sameeyaa haanta rogrogmada dareeraha ah ee ammonia. Haddii habraacyada iyo tallaabooyinka aan si adag loo raacin xeerarka hawlgalka, daadashada cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ayaa dhici doonta***** *shil.
3. Buuxinta dareeraha ah ee ammonia
Marka dareeraha ammonia la buuxiyo, buuxinta xad-dhaafka ah laguma sameeyo si waafaqsan xeerarka, qaraxa dhuumaha buuxintana wuxuu sababi doonaa daadasho iyo shilal sumeyn ah.
Falanqaynta khatarta qalabka iyo xarumaha
1. Naqshadeynta, kormeerka, iyo dayactirka haamaha kaydinta dareeraha ah ee ammonia ayaa maqan ama aan meesha ku jirin, qalabka badbaadada sida cabbirrada heerka, cabbirrada cadaadiska, iyo waalka badbaadada waa cilladaysan yihiin ama waa qarsoon yihiin, taasoo keeni karta shilal ka daadashada haamaha.
2. Xagaaga ama marka heerkulku sarreeyo, haanta kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah laguma qalabeeyo roogag, biyo buufin ah oo qaboojin ah iyo xarumo kale oo ka hortag ah sida loogu baahdo, taas oo sababi doonta daadashada cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ee haanta kaydinta.
3. Burburka ama guuldarada ilaalinta hillaaca iyo xarumaha ka hortagga-istaaga ama dhulka hoostiisa ayaa sababi kara shoog koronto oo ku dhaca haanta kaydinta.
4. Cilladaha digniinaha habka wax soo saarka, qufullada isku xiran, gargaarka cadaadiska degdegga ah, digniinaha gaaska guban kara iyo kuwa sunta ah iyo aaladaha kale waxay sababi doonaan shilal daadasho cadaadis xad dhaaf ah ama ballaarinta haanta kaydinta.
Tallaabooyinka ka hortagga shilalka
Tallaabooyin ka hortag ah oo loogu talagalay hawlgalka habka wax soo saarka
1. Si adag u hirgeli habraacyada hawlgalka
Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo shaqada sii deynta ammonia ee tiirarka macmal ah, xakamee heerka dareeraha ee kala-soocidda qabowga iyo ammonia, heerka dareeraha ku hay mid deggan inta u dhaxaysa 1/3 ilaa 2/3, kana ilaali heerka dareeraha inuu aad u hooseeyo ama aad u sarreeyo.
2. Si adag u xakamee cadaadiska haanta kaydinta ammonia-da dareeraha ah
Mugga kaydinta ee dareeraha ammonia waa inaanu dhaafin 85% mugga haanta kaydinta. Inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka caadiga ah, haanta kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah waa in lagu xakameeyaa heer hoose, guud ahaan 30% mugga buuxinta badbaadada leh, si looga fogaado kaydinta ammonia heerkulka deegaanka awgiis. Kordhinta ballaarinta iyo kororka cadaadiska waxay sababi doontaa cadaadis xad dhaaf ah haanta kaydinta.
3. Taxaddarrada buuxinta dareeraha ammonia
Shaqaalaha rakiba ammonia waa inay ka gudbaan waxbarashada iyo tababarka badbaadada xirfadeed ka hor inta aysan qaban jagooyinkooda. Waa inay yaqaaniin waxqabadka, astaamaha, hababka hawlgalka, qaab-dhismeedka dheeraadka ah, mabda'a shaqada, astaamaha khatarta ah ee ammonia dareeraha ah iyo tallaabooyinka daaweynta degdegga ah.
Kahor inta aan la buuxin, waa in la xaqiijiyaa ansaxnimada shahaadooyinka sida xaqiijinta baaritaanka jirka ee taangiga, shatiga isticmaalka booyadaha, shatiga darawalnimada, shahaadada wehelka, iyo ogolaanshaha gaadiidka. Qalabka badbaadada waa inay ahaadaan kuwo dhammaystiran oo xasaasi ah, kormeerkuna waa inuu ahaadaa mid u qalma; cadaadiska ku jira booyadaha ka hor inta aan la buuxin waa inuu ahaadaa mid hooseeya. Wax ka yar 0.05 MPa; waxqabadka dhuumaha isku xirka ammonia waa in la baaraa.
Shaqaalaha rakibaya ammonia waa inay si adag u raacaan habraacyada hawlgalka ee haanta kaydinta ammonia ee dareeraha ah, oo ay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan mugga buuxinta oo aan ka badnayn 85% mugga haanta kaydinta marka la buuxinayo.
Shaqaalaha rakiba ammonia waa inay xirtaan maaskaro gaas iyo galoofisyo ilaalin ah; goobta waa inay ku qalabaysan tahay qalabka dab-damiska iyo ilaalinta gaaska; inta lagu jiro buuxinta, waa inaysan ka bixin goobta, oo ay xoojiyaan kormeerka cadaadiska gaariga taangiga, flanges-ka dhuumaha si loo ogaado daadashada, iwm., gaaska gaariga taangiga Dib ugu celi nidaamka si waafaqsan oo ha u daadin sida aad rabto. Haddii ay jirto xaalad aan caadi ahayn sida daadashada, jooji buuxinta isla markiiba, oo qaado tallaabooyin wax ku ool ah si looga hortago shilalka lama filaanka ah.
Kormeer joogto ah oo lagu sameeyo xarumaha rakibaadda ammonia, cabbiraadaha iyo habraacyada waa in la sameeyaa maalin kasta, waana in la sameeyaa kormeerka iyo diiwaannada buuxinta.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-31-2021
